ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as funções neuropsicológicas de estudantes de uma escola pública do Distrito Federal (Brasil), matriculadas 1º e 2º ano de Ensino Fundamental na reabertura das escolas públicas na pandemia da COVID-19 e a influência dos fatores familiares e contextuais sobre o desempenho dessas habilidades. Métodos Participaram 117 estudantes, bem como seus responsáveis. As crianças foram avaliadas presencialmente por meio do Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve Infantil (NEUPSILIN-Inf). Os pais/responsáveis responderam remotamente ao Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar e as questões para classificação socioeconômica e de escolaridade materna. Resultado Os dados apontam alta prevalência de crianças em fase de alfabetização que apresentam alerta ou déficit das funções de orientação, memória, linguagem, habilidades visuoespaciais, habilidades aritméticas e fluência verbal. Ainda, as atividades previsíveis que sinalizam algum grau de estabilidade na vida familiar são preditoras do desempenho das crianças na habilidade de orientação e os recursos que promovem processos proximais refletem significativamente no desempenho em linguagem. Os resultados sugerem que crianças inseridas em família com estimativas da renda domiciliar abaixo de um salário mínimo apresentam piores desempenhos do controle inibitório. Conclusão Foram apresentados e discutidos os impactos das alterações das habilidades neuropsicológicas para o aprendizado das crianças, destacando a necessidade de intervenções imediatas e direcionadas para essas funções. Foram considerados os fatores contextuais que apresentaram influência sobre o desempenho das habilidades neuropsicológicas.
ABSTRACT Purpose The objective of this study was analyzed the neuropsychological functions of students from a public school in Brazil, enrolled in the 1st and 2nd year of Elementary School at the time of the reopening of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic and to access the influence of family and contextual information on the performance of these skills. Methods 117 students participated in the study, as well as their parents or guardians. The children were evaluated in person using the Brief Child Neuropsychological Assessment Instrument (NEUPSILIN-Inf). The parents/guardians answered remotely the Inventory of Resources of the Family Environment and questions about socioeconomic classification and maternal education. Results The data showed a high prevalence of children who had problems or deficits in the functions of orientation, memory, language, visuospatial skills, arithmetic skills and verbal fluency. Furthermore, predictable activities that signal some degree of stability in family life are predictors of children's performance in orientation skills and resources that promote proximal processes significantly reflect on language performance. The results suggest that children included in families with a household income below one Brazilian minimum monthly salary presented poorer inhibitory control performances. Conclusion The impact of changes in neuropsychological skills in children's learning were presented and discussed, highlighting the need for immediate and targeted intervention of these functions. Contextual factors that influenced the performance of neuropsychological skills were also considered.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as emoções e violências manifestadas na configuração social de retorno à presencialidade na escola. Para isso, realizou-se uma incursão etnográfica que incluiu observação participante, diários de campo e entrevistas com professores. A configuração foi construída com base em três elementos. O primeiro entende a escola como normatizadora dos modos legítimos de agir e trata da reconstrução de um habitus escolar que inclui os reaprendizados dos autocontroles. O segundo analisa as emoções e a saúde mental, tendo em vista a quantidade de choros, crises, depressões e ansiedades observadas. O terceiro versa sobre o 'mau comportamento' e as violências dos estudantes, e relaciona-os à necessidade de um reaprendizado das etiquetas e à ascensão de um código de conduta autoritário, violento e misógino no País. Os aprendizados atitudinais e sociais de um código de conduta humanista e democrático parecem ser um caminho para tensionar essa direção descivilizadora.
This study aimed to analyze the emotions and violence manifested in the social configuration of returning to presentiality at school. For this, an ethnographic incursion was carried out that included participant observation, field diaries and interviews with teachers. The configuration was built around three elements. The first understands the school as a standardizer of legitimate ways of acting and deals with the reconstruction of a school habitus that includes the re-learning of selfcontrol. The second analyzes emotions and mental health, considering the amount of crying, crises, depressions and anxieties observed. The third deals with the 'misbehavior' and violence of students, and relates them to the need for a relearning of etiquette and the rise of an authoritarian, violent and misogynistic code of conduct in the country. The attitudinal and social learnings of a humanist and democratic code of conduct seem to be a way to tension this decivilizing direction.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las emociones y violencias manifestadas en la configuración social del retorno a la presencialidad en la escuela. Para ello se realizó una incursión etnográfica que incluyó observación participante, diarios de campo y entrevistas. La configuración se construyó en torno a tres elementos. El primero entiende la escuela como normadora de formas legítimas de actuar y se ocupa de la reconstrucción de un habitus escolar que incluye el reaprendizaje del autocontrol. El segundo analiza las emociones y la salud mental, considerando la cantidad de llantos, crisis, depresiones y ansiedades observadas. El tercero trata sobre las 'malas conductas' y la violencia, y las relaciona con la necesidad de un reaprendizaje de la etiqueta y el surgimiento de un código de conducta autoritario, violento y misógino. Los aprendizajes actitudinales de un código de conducta humanista y democrático parecen ser una forma de tensionar esta dirección descivilizadora.
ABSTRACT
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer el nivel de cumplimiento de las medidas académicas y de salud, limpieza e higiene que se implementaron en la sesión de educación física en el regreso a clases presenciales en México. Para ello, se siguió un diseño cuantitativo no experimental de corte transversal, a través de la cual se recogió información por medio de una escala tipo Likert. Los resultados indican que el 55% de los profesores de educación física están de acuerdo en que las medidas académicas establecidas, les facilitó lograr la recuperación y reforzamiento de los aprendizajes de sus alumnos, así mismo, el 81,2% afirma que se están llevando a cabo medidas preventivas de contagio y mitigación de la COVID-19 en las actividades escolares. Se concluye que las medidas propuestas por las autoridades educativas para el regreso a clases presenciales son aceptables, sin embargo, se identifican limitantes en lo que se refiere al abasto de materiales de sanitización y limpieza entregados por las autoridades educativas.
This research was conducted in order to determine the level of compliance to the health, cleanliness, and hygiene measures implemented during physical education sessions when returning to school in Mexico. For this purpose, a non-experimental cross-sectional quantitative design was followed, through which information was collected by means of a Likert-type scale. The results indicate that 55% of the physical education teachers agree that the measures established helped them to recover and reinforce what their students learnt. Likewise, 81,2% assert that they are now carrying out preventive measures for the contagion and mitigation of COVID-19 during school activities. It is concluded that the measures proposed by the educational authorities for the return to school are acceptable. However, there are some limitations identified in terms of the supply of sanitizing and cleaning materials provided by the educational authorities.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o nível de cumprimento das medidas acadêmicas e de saúde, limpeza e higiene que foram implementadas na sessão de educação física ao retornar às aulas presenciais no México. Para isso, seguiu-se um delineamento quantitativo transversal não experimental, por meio do qual as informações foram coletadas por meio de uma escala do tipo Likert. Os resultados indicam que 55% dos professores de educação física concordam que as medidas acadêmicas estabelecidas facilitam a recuperação e o reforço da aprendizagem de seus alunos, da mesma forma, 81,2% afirmam que estão realizando medidas preventivas de contágio e mitigação de COVID-19 nas atividades escolares. Conclui-se que as medidas propostas pelas autoridades educacionais para o retorno às aulas presenciais são aceitáveis, porém, são identificadas limitações quanto ao fornecimento de materiais de higienização e limpeza entregues pelas autoridades educacionais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training , School Teachers , Return to School , COVID-19/prevention & control , Hygiene/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , MexicoABSTRACT
We provided inpatient rehabilitation treatment and return-to-school guidance to a junior high school student with medulloblastoma and pervasive developmental disorder (autism spectrum disorder). Here we describe the rehabilitation treatment for patients with physical and developmental disabilities. A 13-year-old boy who was diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder at 4 years of age was able to perform activities of daily living independently and attend junior high school. However, he was admitted to our hospital with new-onset ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cerebellar tumor. After total tumor excision was performed, pathological analysis revealed medulloblastoma, which was treated initially with radiation therapy and then chemotherapy for 1 year. Rehabilitation was initiated 2 days post-surgery. We evaluated his communication abilities. He showed stereotypical behavior owing to the autism spectrum disorder；therefore, we performed low-intensity repetitive exercises. The functional independence measure score at discharge was 67/126 (motor 44/91, cognitive 23/35). We taught his teachers how to properly assist him, and he successfully returned to school post-discharge. Although this was a case in which the child had multiple disabilities, ataxia caused by the medulloblastoma aggravated his developmental disability. Thus, understanding the characteristics of communication and its strengths was vital in determining a treatment plan that enabled his return to school.
ABSTRACT
We provided inpatient rehabilitation treatment and return-to-school guidance to a junior high school student with medulloblastoma and pervasive developmental disorder (autism spectrum disorder). Here we describe the rehabilitation treatment for patients with physical and developmental disabilities. A 13-year-old boy who was diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder at 4 years of age was able to perform activities of daily living independently and attend junior high school. However, he was admitted to our hospital with new-onset ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cerebellar tumor. After total tumor excision was performed, pathological analysis revealed medulloblastoma, which was treated initially with radiation therapy and then chemotherapy for 1 year. Rehabilitation was initiated 2 days post-surgery. We evaluated his communication abilities. He showed stereotypical behavior owing to the autism spectrum disorder；therefore, we performed low-intensity repetitive exercises. The functional independence measure score at discharge was 67/126 (motor 44/91, cognitive 23/35). We taught his teachers how to properly assist him, and he successfully returned to school post-discharge. Although this was a case in which the child had multiple disabilities, ataxia caused by the medulloblastoma aggravated his developmental disability. Thus, understanding the characteristics of communication and its strengths was vital in determining a treatment plan that enabled his return to school.
ABSTRACT
Os movimentos de reassociação e de reagregação no retorno à presencialidade na escola, após um período de fechamento durante a pandemia de covid-19, são o foco deste estudo. Discutimos os achados de uma etnografia em uma escola pública de Porto Alegre, que teve como objetivo descrever e analisar os atores em ação na reorganização dos laços educativos nas aulas de Educação Física no retorno à presencialidade. O trabalho empírico permitiu organizar as descrições e análises em três trajetórias: 1) A busca por laços firmes; 2) Intencionalidades e estratégias sobre a 'prática'; e 3) Laços de confiança como estratégia e compromisso docente. Enquanto alguns laços visavam compensar possíveis déficits educativos apostando em dispositivos autoritários e punitivos em vista da compulsoriedade da dimensão "prática" e possibilitando pouco espaço para as emoções e a saúde mental, outros incidiram na construção de laços de confiança como estratégia educativa e como ação política necessária. (AU)
The reassociation and reaggregation movements in the return to school, after a period of closure during the COVID-19 pandemic, are the focus of this study. We discuss the findings of an ethnography in a public school in Porto Alegre, which aimed to describe and analyze the actors in action in the reorganization of educational bonds in Physical Education classes in the return to presence. We organized the descriptions and analyses in three trajectories: 1) The search for firm bonds; 2) Intentions and strategies about "practice"; and 3) Bonds of trust as a teaching strategy and commitment. While some bonds aimed to compensate for possible educational deficits by betting on authoritarian and punitive devices in view of the compulsory nature of the "practical" dimension and allowing little space for emotions and mental health, others focused on building bonds of trust as an educational strategy and as a necessary policy. (AU)
Los movimientos de reasociación y reagrupación en la vuelta a la actividad presencial en la escuela, tras el cierre durante la pandemia de Covid-19, son el foco de este estudio. Discutimos los hallazgos de una etnografía en una escuela pública de Porto Alegre, que tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar los actores en la reorganización de los vínculos educativos en las clases de Educación Física en la vuelta a la actividad presencial. El trabajo empírico permitió organizar las descripciones y análisis en tres trayectorias: 1) La búsqueda de vínculos firmes; 2) Intencionalidad y estrategias sobre la 'práctica'; y 3) Lazos de confianza como estrategia y compromiso docente. Mientras algunos vínculos buscaban compensar posibles déficits educativos apostando por dispositivos autoritarios y punitivos ante la obligatoriedad de la dimensión 'práctica' y dejando poco espacio para las emociones y la salud mental, otros se centraron en la construcción de lazos de confianza como estrategia educativa y como acción política necesaria. (AU)